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Ground Handling & Ramp Safety

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Refueling Operations

• Engine-running refuel is prohibited for all aircraft types
• During refueling:
  • At least one pilot must remain in the flight deck
  • A clear evacuation path must be maintained
  • Aircraft electrical systems should remain powered to maintain comms

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APU Operation

• APU use is limited to 30 minutes at the gate when Ground Power Unit (GPU) is available
• This restriction supports the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) noise abatement program
• APU should be started approximately 5 minutes before push-back

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Aircraft Movement Safety

• Wing walkers are required when clearance to obstacles is less than 4 meters
• Ground crew must use standard hand signals when directing aircraft
• Chocks must be placed before external power is connected
• Anti-collision beacons must be ON when engines are running

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Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Prevention

• FOD Walk is mandatory after maintenance or snow removal and before first taxi
• All items brought into the aircraft must be removed or properly stowed
• Visual inspections of the ramp area should be conducted prior to engine start
• Any FOD found must be removed immediately and reported

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Weather Considerations

• Extra caution during reduced visibility operations
• Anti/de-icing procedures must be followed when applicable
• High wind operations may require additional personnel and equipment

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Marshaling Standards

• Aircraft must follow marshaler directions at all times
• Standard ICAO marshaling signals will be used
• At night, illuminated wands will be used for marshaling

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Pre-Departure Security Check

• External security check to ensure:
  • All doors and panels are secure
  • No unauthorized personnel or vehicles are near the aircraft
  • No damage to the aircraft exterior
  • Pitot covers and gear pins are removed

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Pushback Procedures

1. Both pilots must verify tug and operator are in position
2. Cockpit/ground interphone check complete
3. “Brakes released” call only when requested by ground crew
4. After pushback, wait for “disconnect” call before engine start
5. Do not set parking brake until advised by ground crew