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4.2 Roles, Flows & Standard Calls

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PF/PM Allocation

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Standard Callouts

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Take-Off (A320 Example)

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Approach

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Flow Concept

1. Trigger: Event that initiates a sequence (e.g., “After Start”)
2. Flow: Each pilot completes their assigned flow from memory
3. Checklist: Formal verification through challenge-response

• Preflight Flow
• After Start Flow
• Before Takeoff Flow
• Cruise Flow
• Approach Flow

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4.3 Normal Ground Operations

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Push-back & Engine Start

1. Verify beacon ON, all doors closed, and tug connected
2. Confirm brake pressure >2,000 psi before releasing parking brake
3. Follow proper engine start sequence:
   • Airbus Aircraft: Engine 1 then Engine 2, at max motoring N2 > 20%, oil press > 0.01 MPa
   • Boeing Aircraft: Engine 2 then Engine 1, starter cut-out at 50% N2
4. PM monitors hydraulic pressure, electrical parameters, and EGT rise
5. After both engines running, complete After Start Flow and Checklist

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Taxi Operations

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Speed Limits

• Straight taxi: ≤ 25 kt
• Turns: ≤ 10 kt
• Crossing active runway: ≤ 15 kt

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Low Visibility Procedures

• Below RVR 1,200 ft: follow green centerline lights
• Maintain spacing of 150 m from aircraft ahead
• Use progressive taxi instructions if needed

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Contaminated Surfaces

• Single-engine taxi is prohibited on ice or snow
• Reduce taxi speed appropriately for conditions
• Avoid sharp turns or heavy braking

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Runway Line-Up Technique

1. Align nose wheel precisely on centerline
2. Ensure rudder pedals are neutral
3. Verify compass/heading indicator is within plus/minus 5 degrees of runway heading
4. Wait 30 seconds for IRS settling if a turn greater than 8° was made
5. Confirm final checks complete before takeoff clearance acceptance

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4.4 Normal Flight Phases

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Take-Off Profiles

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Climb

• Set CLIMB thrust at acceleration altitude
• Retract flaps on schedule (F, S, Clean)
• Crosscheck fuel burn against OFP every 10 minutes
  • Acceptable deviation: ±300 kg for narrow-body, ±500 kg for wide-body
• Follow standard climb speed schedule unless ATC requires different speeds

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Cruise

• Maintain optimum Mach number per Cost Index (CI) in OFP - see CI Reference
• RVSM requirements: maintain altimeter crosscheck difference less than or equal to 200 ft
• TCAS should be set to TA/RA mode
• Execute TCAS Resolution Advisories (RA) unless unsafe to do so
• Complete hourly position reports for oceanic/remote airspace

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Descent Planning

• Top of Descent (TOD) calculation: TOD = (Altitude Δ × 3) + 10 nm buffer
• Example: FL370 to 5,000 ft = (37,000 - 5,000)/1,000 × 3 + 10 = 106 nm

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Speed Management

• Early descent: Green dot + 50 kt
• Below 10,000 ft: 250 kt maximum
• Configure flaps progressively to maintain stable energy state
• Plan to be fully configured by 1,000 ft AGL (IMC) or 500 ft AGL (VMC)

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Approach Stabilization Gates

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Landing Technique

• Autobrake settings:
  • Dry runway, normal length: AUTO 2
  • Wet runway or short field: AUTO 3 / MAX
• Reduce reverse thrust to idle at 60 kt
• Cancel reverse thrust completely by 40 kt
• Turn on taxi light when crossing the hold-short line
• Turn off strobe lights after clearing the runway

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4.5 Oceanic & Extended Operations

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ETOPS Requirements

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Oceanic Procedures

1. Pre-Oceanic Checklist to be completed 10 minutes prior to oceanic entry
2. HF radio check with appropriate oceanic control
3. Hourly position reports containing:
   • Aircraft callsign
   • Position (lat/long or named waypoint)
   • Time over position
   • Flight level
   • Next waypoint and ETA
   • Following waypoint
4. Maintain Mach number technique when assigned

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Low-Visibility Operations (CAT II/III)

• Minimum required equipment:
  • Autopilot
  • Autothrottle
  • Dual FGCS channels
  • Radio altimeters
• CAT IIIa procedures allow operations down to 50 ft DH (fail-passive)
• CAT IIIb procedures allow operations down to 15 ft (no rollout guidance in sim)
• Follow LVP taxi charts with ILS Critical Areas clearly marked
• Special callouts and procedures apply during CAT II/III approaches